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It is a proxy or proxy server, is a server-related software that serves as an intermediary between a clients and servers via the internet. With no intermediaries, a user can submit a request for any resource directly to the server, and the server would then serve the requested resource directly to the customer. While this process is simple to understand and implement using proxy servers, it could provide advantages in the form of greater performance and privacy, security and much more. As a pass-through layer, the proxy serves as a intermediary between servers and clients.




In general, the mix of the server hardware as well as software for proxy installation is often referred as proxy servers. In this post, we'll examine proxies commonly referred to as software, and ones that work to complement web servers. You will get a breakdown of the two main kinds of proxies: a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own usage scenario, which is often misunderstood because of the similar naming convention.




This article will provide you with an understanding of what proxy servers and their subtypes are, as well as how they can be used in typical configurations. In this article, you will be able to determine the scenarios in which an effective proxy is beneficial, and choose the right solution between reverse and forward proxy to suit your needs in any given circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Also forward proxy, or the open proxy is the representative of a client that is trying to send a request via the internet to an origin server. In this case, all request to send it from the client will instead be handled by the forward proxy. In this scenario an agent acting on behalf of the forward proxy in the place of the client will review the request. The first step is to determine which client has the authority to send requests via this particular forward proxy. It then will reject the request as well as transfer it over to the server that originally sent it. The client is not able to establish a direct connection to the internet. It will only be able to connect to what the forward proxy gives it access to.




A very common reasons for forward proxy is greater privacy or anonymity online. Forward proxy can be used to access the internet in instead of a client and, in doing so, may use a different IP address in place of the IP address that was originally assigned to the client.




Based on the way it was established in the past, forward proxy servers can offer a range of services and let you:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can spot limitations based on your location.




Forward proxies are also used for security systems that are centralized and permission based access for instance, in a workplace. When all internet traffic passes through an open forward proxy layer, an administrator is able to allow access only to specific users to the internet, which is then filtered by a common firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place to protect the client layer which may comprise a variety of machines that have different user and environmental settings the firewall could be placed at an intermediate layer.




Be aware that forward proxies have to be manually configured for use, but reverse proxies are not noticed in the eyes of the customer. Based on whether an IP address from a client is transmitted to the origin server via the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity can be granted, or not noticed.




There are several possibilities to investigate to find forward-looking proxy services:




Apache is a well-known open source web server, which provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source server for web hosting that has forward proxy functions.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. This option doesn't include the entire web server. We've got a guide on how you can install Squid proxy so that it allows private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP, making it more suitable for situations like peer-to-peer connections. It is also possible to explore how you can create a Dante proxy to connect privately using Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an agent for web servers, which handles incoming requests by clients on behalf of. This web server may consist of a single server or a number of servers. It can also function in the role of an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations, the request may come from a user on the internet. In the majority of cases, this request will go directly to the server that hosts the services the customer requires. Reverse proxy is an intermediary that separates Web servers from direct interactions with the internet.




From a client's viewpoint, which is the user's perspective, interfacing with reverse proxy isn't different from connecting directly to your webserver. It's the same thing but the client can't discern the difference. The client requests an item and is given it without any additional configuration that needs to be performed by the customer.




Reverse proxy proxy servers can offer features, like:




A centralized layer of security that guards the server.


Controlling traffic coming inbound according to rules that you can set up.


A new feature to cache is now available.




While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy services, reverse proxy providers provide this service to this layer of the internet server, and not to that layer of the internet server, which is called client. instead of maintaining firewalls at the web server layer that may contain multiple servers with various configurations, a majority of firewall security could be directed at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, getting rid of the necessity of interfacing with firewalls as well as responding to the requests of clients from web servers enables them to concentrate solely on meeting the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers that are running reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also determines how requests are routed on which server. There are many web servers offering the same content but they may offer different kinds of content, or a combination of both. They may be using the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server, but they may include applications server protocols like FastCGI. You may also set up a reverse proxy to redirect clients to specific servers depending on the resource requested or to adhere to specific rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can benefit from their positioning before web servers by supplying caching functionality. Large static files can be set using caching rules to prevent the web server from being hit with every request and some solutions even offer the option of providing static files without contacting the servers in any manner. In addition reverse proxy may be able to handle compressing these files.




The well-known Nginx web server has become an extremely popular reverse proxy service. Although Apache is also a reverse proxy solution, the Apache webserver is equipped with a reverse proxy function and is an alternative option for Apache as opposed to Nginx was designed initially for and focused on reverse proxy functionality.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Situations



Because "forward" in addition to "reverse" are ascribed to an impression of directionality and false comparisons between "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic. These labels can confuse because each type of proxy handles the flow of requests as well as responses. The best way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to take into account the requirements of the application you're creating.




Reverse proxy can be useful in designing an application that is able to deliver web-based apps via the internet. They represent your web servers in all interactions on the internet.




A forward proxy can be helpful when placed in front of client traffic for your personal use or in a work environment. They represent your client traffic whenever you interact on the internet.




The use case distinction rather than focusing solely on the similar naming conventions will assist you in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains what a proxy is with the two major types, namely the reverse and forward proxy. Application scenarios that are practical as well as an examination of important characteristics were used to define forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about the process of implementing proxy services, you can refer to our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy on Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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