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A proxy is also known as a proxy server is software that functions as an intermediary between client and a server on the internet. Without a proxy, a user will send a request for something directly through a server, and the server would then deliver the item directly to the client. Though this approach is simple to grasp and implement, the addition of proxies can offer advantages in terms improved performance security, privacy, and much more. In addition to adding a layer of security proxy servers also act as a security safeguard for the internet between clients and servers.




There is a general consensus that the set of server hardware and proxy software is also frequently known as proxy servers. However, this article will concentrate on the proxies that are typically categorized as software and within the web server context. We will provide a brief overview of the two primary types of proxies, which include a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own usage, which can be confusing due to the same name convention.




This article will provide you with an idea of the what proxies are and the subtypes of them, as well as how they function in normal configurations. By reading in this post, you'll discover how to determine the situations where it's beneficial to use a proxy and decide on the appropriate choice between forward and reverse proxy for any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In another way a forward proxy, also known as or an open proxy is a proxy of a customer who wishes to send an internet request to an origin server. In this situation, any attempt to send requests from the client is instead directed direct to the forward proxy. Forward proxy acting on the instead of the user will examine the request. The first step is to decide if the user is authorized accept requests from this particular forward proxy. It will then decide if it is authorized to reject an request and send it back to the original server. The client is not able to have direct access to the internet. It only has access to what the forward proxy permits it access to.




The most common reason for using forward proxy services is to increase privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy is able to access the internet place of a client, and as such it can utilize a different IP address than the IP address originally used by the client.




Depending on how it's been configured in the past, forward proxy servers can give you a variety of options and allow you to:




Avoid ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify restrictions based upon your geographic area.




Forward proxies can also be utilized in systems that offer centralized security and permission based access, like in the workplace. When all traffic on the internet passes through an open forward proxy,, administrators can limit access to certain clients to the internet and filter it through a standard firewall. Instead of putting firewalls to protect the client layer, which may comprise a range of machines that have different environments and users, the firewall could be put in the forward proxy layer.




Note that the forward proxy setting have to be configured manually in order to be used and reverse proxies are able to be not recognized by clients. Based on whether the IP address of a user is passed to the original server via forward proxy privacy and anonymity can be granted or not.




There are several possibilities to consider for forward proxies




Apache: A popular open-source web server that has forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source webserver, this one with forward proxy features.


Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide a complete internet server. Check out our step-by-step guide to set up Squid proxy to permit private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy which runs using the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP which makes it better suitable for situations like peer-to-topeer connections. You can also look into the procedure for installing a Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as a representation of a web server that handles any requests that come in from clients on its behalf. The web server may include one or more servers. Also, it could be used as an application server like Gunicorn. In any of these situations, the request for an application comes from a user via the internet generally. In most cases, the request will be directed directly to the web server along with the information the client is seeking. Reverse proxy, however, works as an intermediary, securing Web server from any direct interactions with the public internet.




From a consumer's point view that is from a user's perspective, working using a reverse proxy is no any different from using direct connections to an internet server. It's exactly the same thing, however the user is unable to be able to discern the difference. The client makes a request for the resource, and is then provided with it, with no additional configuration needed from the client.




Reverse proxies provide features such as:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic coming inbound according to rules you can design.


The caching function has been added to the app.




While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this feature only to the server layer, and it is not available to the client layer. Instead of managing firewalls for Web server layers, which can contain a variety of servers and different configurations, the bulk of the firewall security is concentrated on reverse proxy layers. Also, the removal of the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and also interacting with client requests outside of web servers allows them to focus on meeting the requirements of their customers.




If there are multiple servers hosted using a reverse-proxy, the reverse proxy is responsible to direct which requests are routed to the server. There may be several web servers that provide the same content, offering different types of resource or a mixture of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol similar to an ordinary web server however they could also include other protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. It is also possible to set up a reverse proxy to redirect clients to specific servers based on the requested resource or to comply with specific rules pertaining to traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can benefit from their position ahead of web servers, by providing the ability to cache. Massive static resources can be set up by using caching rules in order to avoid from hitting web servers on every request. There are solutions that permit users to serve static files immediately without needing to connect to the web server even once. In addition, the reverse proxy can handle compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server can also function as a very popular reverse proxy option. Even though Apache has a reverse proxy service however, it is not a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server is also equipped with a reverse proxy feature, it is an additional attribute of Apache however Nginx was originally designed to and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Examples



Since "forward" or "reverse" are associated with directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic the labels can be confusing since both types of proxy deal with requests and responses. An alternative method to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to study the requirements of the application that you are building.




Reverse proxy is beneficial when creating an application that runs web-based applications on the internet. They serve as your web servers for when you use the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when it is displayed in front of clients to use for personal reasons or in an office environment. They are your client's representative when you interact with the internet.




The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing solely on common naming conventions can aid in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarified the definition of a proxy using two types: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the most beneficial features were utilized to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested to learn more about how to set up proxies you can check out our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy using Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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