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An proxy also referred to proxy servers is software that acts as an intermediary between client and server over the internet. Without the use of a proxy, an individual would send a request to an item directly to a server, and the server would then deliver the resource directly back to the client. Though this approach is simple to grasp and implement, the addition of proxies could provide advantages in terms of enhanced performance, privacy, security, and many more. Apart from offering a security layer proxy servers also act as a security guardian for the internet between servers and clients.

There is a general consensus that the server hardware along with installed proxy software are also known as proxy servers. But, this article will focus on the proxies that are typically categorized as software, and in the context of web servers. This article will give a synopsis of the two primary types that are forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own specific usage, which can be confusing because of a similar naming convention.

This article will provide you with an idea of what proxies are and what subtypes they are, as well as how they function in normal configurations. In the article you'll learn to identify the scenarios where it's beneficial to utilize a proxy and choose the best option between forward proxy and reverse proxy in any circumstance.

Understanding Forward Proxies

In the same way, a forward proxy sometimes referred to as an open proxy acts as a representative of a user who would like to make an internet-based request to an the server that originated it. In this situation, any attempt to send requests from the client is instead sent direct through the forward proxy. Forward proxy acting on the place of the client, will review the request. The first step is to determine if the client is authorized to receive requests from this specific forward proxy. It then decides whether to refuse a request or send it back to the server that originally received it. The client isn't able to access directly the internet. It only has access to what the forward proxy grants its access.

The most common reason to use forward proxies is to gain greater privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy can be used to access the internet in place of a client, and, in this way, it may employ a different IP address than the original IP address used by the client.

Depending on how they've been configured in the past forward proxy servers may offer a wide range of options. They allow you to:

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  Avoid ad tracking.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can determine limitations based on your geographical location.
  
  

Forward proxies can also be employed in systems that offer central security and permission-based access, for example, at work. When all traffic on the internet passes through an open forward proxy layer, administrators can restrict access to only certain clients to the internet that are filtered through a common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls for the client layer which may comprise a range of devices that are different in user and operating environments, the firewall could be placed into the forward proxy layer.

Note that the forward proxy setting must be manually configured for use in order to be used in reverse proxies, whereas forward proxy settings are ignored by clients. Depending on whether the IP address of a user is transmitted to the source server via forward proxy privacy and anonymity can be granted or denied.

There are a variety of possibilities to consider when it comes to forward proxy options:

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  Apache The Apache is a popular open-source webserver that includes forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another well-known open-source webserver with forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that makes use of the HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer an entire internet server. Check out our step-by-step guide to set up Squid proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante forward proxy which runs on the SOCKS protocol, instead of HTTP which makes it better appropriate for scenarios such as peer-to-topeer connections. You can also look into the procedure for installing the Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy serves as a representative of web servers, which handles incoming requests from clients in its place. The web server could comprise a server or multiple servers. Also, it could be a server for applications such as Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios an application request comes through the internet as a whole. In most cases the request is directly sent to the server that hosts the information that the client wants. Instead, a reverse proxy serves as an intermediary protecting Web server from any direct contact with the internet's public.

From a consumer's point view that is an individual's view, connecting using a reverse proxy is similar to working with an internet server direct. It's the same, but the client cannot be able to discern the difference. The client requests an item and receives it, with no additional configuration needed on the part of the client.

Reverse proxies can provide features such as:

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  Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic inbound based on rules you can create.
  
  
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  The caching feature was added to the application.
  
  

While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this feature only to the server layer, and only the layer that clients use. Instead of having firewalls running for Web server layers which can contain a variety of servers and various configurations, the bulk of firewall security can be focused at reverse proxy layers. Additionally, removing the responsibility to interact with a firewall as well as interacting with clients' requests without the need for web servers enables them to focus on meeting the requirements of their clients.

When there is a multitude of servers hosted using a reverse-proxy, the reverse proxy is responsible for directing what requests go at the server. There may be several web servers that provide identical content offering different types of resource or a mixture of both. They can use the HTTP protocol in the same way as a traditional web server, however, they may also use other protocols for applications servers, such as FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy to redirect the clients towards specific servers based upon the requested resource or adhere to specific rules for traffic load.

Reverse proxies may also make use of their location before web servers by delivering the ability to cache. Massive static resources can be set up with caching rules to avoid the web server from being hit with each request. There are solutions that permit the server to serve static assets immediately without needing to connect to a web server even once. Additionally reverse proxy is able to control compression of these files.

The popular Nginx web server is also used as a well-known reverse proxy service. Although Apache has a reverse proxy solution however, the Apache web server is also able to function with a reverse proxy function that is an added characteristic of Apache while Nginx was designed initially to focus on the reverse proxy feature.

Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Examples

Because "forward" and "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic the labels could be confusing since both types of proxy handle responses and requests. A better approach to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to look at the requirements of the program you're building.

Reverse proxy is beneficial when creating an application that runs web-based applications over the internet. They act as your web server when you interact on the internet.

Forward proxy can be useful when placed before clients to use for personal reasons or in an office environment. They represent your clients when you connect to the internet.

A case-based distinction instead of focusing on standard naming conventions could help in eliminating confusion.

Conclusion

This article defined the meaning of a proxy with the two types of proxy: the forward one and reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the beneficial characteristics were employed to identify between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested in knowing more about how to set up proxy services, check out our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy using Apache in Ubuntu 20.04. Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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